Budesonide + Formoterol Fumarate interactions

Food & lifestyle

• grapefruit juice

  Moderate

  Metabolism

  Grapefruit juice may increase the plasma concentrations and systemic effects of orally administered budesonide. The proposed mechanism is inhibition of CYP450 3A4-mediated first-pass metabolism in the gut wall by certain compounds present in grapefruits. According to the manufacturer, the systemic exposure of oral budesonide approximately doubles after extensive intake of grapefruit juice.

  What to do: Patients receiving budesonide should avoid the regular consumption of grapefruits and grapefruit juice to prevent undue increases in plasma budesonide levels and systemic effects.

  1 source

  1. "Product Information. Entocort (budesonide)." AstraZeneca Pharma Inc (2001):

Conditions

Conditions in which Budesonide + Formoterol Fumarate needs care, as documented in this source.

• Cardiovascular Diseases

  Moderate

  Adrenergic bronchodilators can stimulate cardiovascular beta- 1 and beta- 2 receptors, resulting in adverse effects such as tachycardia, palpitation, peripheral vasodilation, blood pressure changes, and ECG changes (e.g., flattening of the T wave; prolongation of the QT interval; ST segment depression). Direct stimulation of cardiac tissues is mediated by beta- 1 receptors and thus less likely to occur with beta-2-selective agents such as albuterol. However, beta-2-selectivity is not absolute and can be lost with larger doses. High dosages of these agents have been associated with precipitation or aggravation of angina, myocardial ischemia, and cardiac arrhythmias. Therapy with adrenergic bronchodilators should be administered cautiously in patients with sensitivity to sympathomimetic amines, hyperthyroidism, and/or underlying cardiovascular disorders such as coronary insufficiency, cardiac arrhythmias, or hypertension. The recommended dosages should not be exceeded.

  51 sources

  1. Chazan R, Droszcz W, Maruchin JE "Pharmacodynamics of salbutamol in humans." Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 26 (1988): 385-7
  2. Larsson S "Long-term treatment with beta2-adrenostimulants in asthma. Side effects, selectivity, tolerance, and routes of administration." Acta Med Scand Suppl 608 (1977): 1-40
  3. Mettauer B, Rouleau JL, Burgess JH "Detrimental arrhythmogenic and sustained beneficial hemodynamic effects of oral salbutamol in patients with chronic congestive heart failure." Am Heart J 109 (1985): 840-7
  4. Larsson S, Svedmyr N "Bronchodilating effect and side effects of beta2- adrenoceptor stimulants by different modes of administration (tablets, metered aerosol, and combinations thereof). A study with salbutamol inasthmatics." Am Rev Respir Dis 116 (1977): 861-9
  5. Vathenen AS, Britton JR, Ebden P, Cookson JB, Wharrad HJ, Tattersfield AE "High-dose inhaled albuterol in severe chronic airflow limitation." Am Rev Respir Dis 138 (1988): 850-5
  6. Godfrey S "Worldwide experience with albuterol (salbutamol)." Ann Allergy 47 (1981): 423-6
  7. Finch JS "Cardiovascular toxicity: clinical evaluation of albuterol, isoproterenol and placebo in rising dose tolerance trial." Ann Allergy 47 (1981): 402-4
  8. Neville E, Corris PA, Vivian J, Nariman S, Gibson GJ "Nebulised salbutamol and angina." Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 285 (1982): 796-7

  Show all 51 sourcesShow fewer sources

  9. Breeden CC, Safirstein BH "Albuterol and spacer-induced atrial fibrillation." Chest 98 (1990): 762-3
  10. Wolfe JD, Yamate M, Biedermann AA, Chu TJ "Comparison of the acute cardiopulmonary effects of oral albuterol, metaproterenol, and terbutaline in asthmatics." JAMA 253 (1985): 2068-72
  11. Wong CS, Pavord ID, Williams J, Britton JR, Tattersfield AE "Bronchodilator, cardiovascular, and hypokalaemic effects of fenoterol, salbutamol, and terbutaline in asthma." Lancet 336 (1990): 1396-9
  12. Shovlin CL, Tam FW "Salbutamol nebuliser and precipitation of critical cardiac ischaemia." Lancet 336 (1990): 1258
  13. Spitzer WO, Suissa S, Ernst P, Horwitz RI, Habbick B, Cockcroft D, Boivin JF, McNutt M, Buist AS, Rebuck AS "The use of beta-agonists and the risk of death and near death from asthma." N Engl J Med 326 (1992): 501-6
  14. Price AH, Clissold SP "Salbutamol in the 1980s. A reappraisal of its clinical efficacy." Drugs 38 (1989): 77-122
  15. Richards DM, Brogden RN "Pirbuterol. A preliminary review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in reversible bronchospastic disease." Drugs 30 (1985): 6-21
  16. Lampert MB, Hibbard J, Weinert L, Briller J, Lindheimer M, Lang RM "Peripartum heart failure associated with prolonged tocolytic therapy." Am J Obstet Gynecol 168 (1993): 493-5
  17. Al-Hillawi AH, Hayward R, Johnson NM "Incidence of cardiac arrhythmias in patients taking slow release salbutamol and slow release terbutaline for asthma." Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 288 (1984): 367
  18. Bengtsson B, Fagerstrom PO "Extrapulmonary effects of terbutaline during prolonged administration." Clin Pharmacol Ther 31 (1982): 726-32
  19. "Adverse effects and complications of treatment with beta-adrenergic agonist drugs. Committee on drugs, the American Academy of Allergy and Immunology." J Allergy Clin Immunol 75 (1985): 443-9
  20. Wagner JM, Morton MJ, Johnson KA, O'Grady JP, Speroff L "Terbutaline and maternal cardiac function." JAMA 246 (1981): 2697-701
  21. Kinney EL, Trautlein JJ, Harbaugh CV, Lambert D, Zelis RF "Ventricular tachycardia after terbutaline." JAMA 240 (1978): 2247
  22. Whitsett TL, Manion CV, Wilson MF "Cardiac, pulmonary and neuromuscular effects of clenbuterol and terbutaline compared with placebo." Br J Clin Pharmacol 12 (1981): 195-200
  23. Brogden RN, Speight TM, Avery GS "Terbutaline: a preliminary report of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in asthma." Drugs 6 (1973): 324-32
  24. Trautlein J, Allegra J, Gillin M "Aerosolized terbutaline sulfate--an evalution of efficacy and side effects in patients with reversible airway disease." J Clin Pharmacol 17 (1977): 76-80
  25. Maguire GP, Emirgil C "Bronchodilator and side effects of different modes of administration of metaproterenol: inhaled, oral, and in combination." Am J Med Sci 291 (1986): 168-74
  26. Ence TJ, Tashkin DP, Ho D, Child JS "Acute bronchial and cardiovascular effects of oral pirbuterol and metaproterenol." Ann Allergy 43 (1979): 229-36
  27. Sanders JP, Potter DE, Ellis S, Bee DE, Grant JA "Metabolic and cardiovascular effects of carbuterol and metaproterenol." J Allergy Clin Immunol 60 (1977): 174-9
  28. "Product Information. Proventil (albuterol)." Schering Corporation (2002):
  29. "Product Information. Ventolin (albuterol)." Glaxo Wellcome (2002):
  30. "Product Information. Brethaire (terbutaline)." Novartis Pharmaceuticals (2001):
  31. Meyer JM, Wenzel CL, Kradjan WA "Salmeterol: a novel, long-acting beta 2-agonist." Ann Pharmacother 27 (1993): 1478-87
  32. Maconochie JG, Forster JK "Dose-response study with high-dose inhaled salmeterol in healthy subjects." Br J Clin Pharmacol 33 (1992): 342-5
  33. Brogden RN, Faulds D "Salmeterol xinafoate. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential in reversible obstructive airways disease." Drugs 42 (1991): 895-912
  34. Littner MR, Tashkin DP, Calvarese B, Bautista M "Acute bronchial and cardiovascular effects of increasing doses of pirbuterol acetate aerosol in asthma." Ann Allergy 48 (1982): 14-20
  35. Chodosh S, Crooks LA, Tuck J "Comparative effects of pirbuterol acetate, metaproterenol, and placebo aerosols on pulmonary function and incidence of cardiac ectopy." J Asthma 26 (1989): 309-15
  36. "Product Information. Serevent (salmeterol)." Glaxo Wellcome
  37. "Product Information. Maxair (pirbuterol)." 3M Pharmaceuticals (2001):
  38. "Product Information. Alupent (metaproterenol)." Boehringer-Ingelheim (2001):
  39. Hibbard JU "Chronic terbutaline therapy and peripartum cardiomyopathy: a case-control study." Hypertens Pregnancy 15 (1996): 183-91
  40. Katz M, Robertson PA, Creasy RK "Cardiovascular complications associated with terbutaline treatment for preterm labor." Am J Obstet Gynecol 139 (1981): 605-8
  41. Suissa S, Hemmelgarn B, Blais L, Ernst P "Bronchodilators and acute cardiac death." Am J Respir Crit Care Med 154 (1996): 1598-602
  42. Tranfa CME, Pelaia G, Grembiale RD, Naty S, Durante S, Borrello G "Short-term cardiovascular effects of salmeterol." Chest 113 (1998): 1272-6
  43. Braden GL, Germain MJ, Mulhern JG, Hafer JG, Bria WF "Hemodynamic, cardiac, and electrolyte effects of low-dose aerosolized terbutaline sulfate in asthmatic patients." Chest 114 (1998): 380-7
  44. Jenne JW "Can oral beta(2) agonists cause heart failure?" Lancet 352 (1998): 1081-2
  45. "Product Information. Tornalate (bitolterol)." Apothecon Inc (2022):
  46. Nathan RA, Bronsky EA, Dockhorn RJ, Kemp JP "Multicenter dose-ranging study of bitolterol mesylate solution for nebulization in children with asthma." Ann Allergy 72 (1994): 209-16
  47. Bierman CW, Kemp JP, Nathan RA "Efficacy and safety of inhaled bitolterol mesylate via metered-dose inhaler in children with asthma." Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 76 (1996): 27-35
  48. Pinnas JL, Bhatt BD, Campbell SC, Kemp JP, Tinkelman DG "Dose-response study of nebulized bitolterol mesylate solution in asthmatic patients." Chest 91 (1987): 533-9
  49. "Product Information. Xopenex (levalbuterol)." Sepracor Inc (2001):
  50. Gawchik SM, Saccar CL, Noonan M, Reasner DS, DeGraw SS "The safety and efficacy of nebulized levalbuterol compared with racemic albuterol and placebo in the treatment of asthma in pediatric patients." J Allerg Clin Immunol 103 (1999): 615-21
  51. "Product Information. Striverdi Respimat (olodaterol)." Boehringer Ingelheim (2014):

• Diabetes Mellitus

  Moderate

  Adrenergic bronchodilators may cause increases in blood glucose concentrations. These effects are usually transient and slight, but may be significant with dosages higher than those normally recommended. Large doses of IV albuterol (not commercially available in the U.S.) and terbutaline sulfate have been reported to cause exacerbation of preexisting diabetes mellitus and ketoacidosis. Therapy with adrenergic bronchodilators should be administered cautiously in patients with diabetes mellitus. Closer monitoring of blood glucose concentrations may be appropriate. Systemic adverse effects are minimized, but not abolished, by administration of these agents via oral inhalation.

  17 sources

  1. Chazan R, Droszcz W, Maruchin JE "Pharmacodynamics of salbutamol in humans." Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 26 (1988): 385-7
  2. Hastwell G, Lambert BE "The effect of oral salbutamol on serum potassium and blood sugar." Br J Obstet Gynaecol 85 (1978): 767-9
  3. Price AH, Clissold SP "Salbutamol in the 1980s. A reappraisal of its clinical efficacy." Drugs 38 (1989): 77-122
  4. Bengtsson B, Fagerstrom PO "Extrapulmonary effects of terbutaline during prolonged administration." Clin Pharmacol Ther 31 (1982): 726-32
  5. "Product Information. Proventil (albuterol)." Schering Corporation (2002):
  6. "Product Information. Ventolin (albuterol)." Glaxo Wellcome (2002):
  7. "Product Information. Brethaire (terbutaline)." Novartis Pharmaceuticals (2001):
  8. Meyer JM, Wenzel CL, Kradjan WA "Salmeterol: a novel, long-acting beta 2-agonist." Ann Pharmacother 27 (1993): 1478-87

  Show all 17 sourcesShow fewer sources

  9. Maconochie JG, Forster JK "Dose-response study with high-dose inhaled salmeterol in healthy subjects." Br J Clin Pharmacol 33 (1992): 342-5
  10. "Product Information. Serevent (salmeterol)." Glaxo Wellcome
  11. "Product Information. Maxair (pirbuterol)." 3M Pharmaceuticals (2001):
  12. "Product Information. Alupent (metaproterenol)." Boehringer-Ingelheim (2001):
  13. "Product Information. Tornalate (bitolterol)." Apothecon Inc (2022):
  14. "Product Information. Xopenex (levalbuterol)." Sepracor Inc (2001):
  15. Gawchik SM, Saccar CL, Noonan M, Reasner DS, DeGraw SS "The safety and efficacy of nebulized levalbuterol compared with racemic albuterol and placebo in the treatment of asthma in pediatric patients." J Allerg Clin Immunol 103 (1999): 615-21
  16. "Product Information. Foradil (formoterol)." Novartis Pharmaceuticals (2001):
  17. "Product Information. Striverdi Respimat (olodaterol)." Boehringer Ingelheim (2014):

• Hypokalemia

  Moderate

  Adrenergic bronchodilators may cause decreases in serum potassium concentrations, primarily when given by nebulization or intravenous administration. Although this effect is usually transient and does not require supplementation, clinically significant hypokalemia may occur in some patients, with the potential to induce cardiovascular adverse effects. The relevance of these observations to oral or oral aerosol/powder for inhalation therapy is unknown. Therapy with adrenergic bronchodilators should be administered cautiously in patients with or predisposed to hypokalemia.

  30 sources

  1. Whyte KF, Addis GJ, Whitesmith R, Reid JL "The mechanism of salbutamol-induced hypokalaemia." Br J Clin Pharmacol 23 (1987): 65-71
  2. Larsson S, Svedmyr N "Bronchodilating effect and side effects of beta2- adrenoceptor stimulants by different modes of administration (tablets, metered aerosol, and combinations thereof). A study with salbutamol inasthmatics." Am Rev Respir Dis 116 (1977): 861-9
  3. Allon M, Dunlay R, Copkney C "Nebulized albuterol for acute hyperkalemia in patients on hemodialysis." Ann Intern Med 110 (1989): 426-9
  4. Hastwell G, Lambert BE "The effect of oral salbutamol on serum potassium and blood sugar." Br J Obstet Gynaecol 85 (1978): 767-9
  5. "Hypokalaemia due to salbutamol overdosage." Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 283 (1981): 500-1
  6. Kantola I, Tarssanen L "Hypokalemia from usual salbutamol dosage ." Chest 89 (1986): 619-20
  7. Montoliu J, Almirall J, Ponz E, Campistol JM, Revert L "Treatment of hyperkalaemia in renal failure with salbutamol inhalation." J Intern Med 228 (1990): 35-7
  8. Wong CS, Pavord ID, Williams J, Britton JR, Tattersfield AE "Bronchodilator, cardiovascular, and hypokalaemic effects of fenoterol, salbutamol, and terbutaline in asthma." Lancet 336 (1990): 1396-9

  Show all 30 sourcesShow fewer sources

  9. Price AH, Clissold SP "Salbutamol in the 1980s. A reappraisal of its clinical efficacy." Drugs 38 (1989): 77-122
  10. Gross TL, Sokol RJ "Severe hypokalemia and acidosis: a potential complication of beta- adrenergic treatment." Am J Obstet Gynecol 138 (1980): 1225-6
  11. Hurlbert BJ, Edelman JD, David K "Serum potassium levels during and after terbutaline." Anesth Analg 60 (1981): 723-5
  12. Bengtsson B, Fagerstrom PO "Extrapulmonary effects of terbutaline during prolonged administration." Clin Pharmacol Ther 31 (1982): 726-32
  13. Gelmont DM, Balmes JR, Yee A "Hypokalemia induced by inhaled bronchodilators." Chest 94 (1988): 763-6
  14. Sanders JP, Potter DE, Ellis S, Bee DE, Grant JA "Metabolic and cardiovascular effects of carbuterol and metaproterenol." J Allergy Clin Immunol 60 (1977): 174-9
  15. "Product Information. Proventil (albuterol)." Schering Corporation (2002):
  16. "Product Information. Ventolin (albuterol)." Glaxo Wellcome (2002):
  17. "Product Information. Brethaire (terbutaline)." Novartis Pharmaceuticals (2001):
  18. Meyer JM, Wenzel CL, Kradjan WA "Salmeterol: a novel, long-acting beta 2-agonist." Ann Pharmacother 27 (1993): 1478-87
  19. Maconochie JG, Forster JK "Dose-response study with high-dose inhaled salmeterol in healthy subjects." Br J Clin Pharmacol 33 (1992): 342-5
  20. Windom H, Grainger J, Burgess C, Crane J, Pearce N, Beasley R "A comparison of the haemodynamic and hypokalaemic effects of inhaled pirbuterol and salbutamol." N Z Med J 103 (1990): 259-61
  21. "Product Information. Serevent (salmeterol)." Glaxo Wellcome
  22. "Product Information. Maxair (pirbuterol)." 3M Pharmaceuticals (2001):
  23. Tveskov C, Djurhuus MS, Klitgaard NAH, Egstrup K "Potassium and magnesium distribution, ECG changes, and ventricular ectopic beats during beta(2)-adrenergic stimulation with terbutaline in healthy subjects." Chest 106 (1994): 1654-9
  24. "Product Information. Alupent (metaproterenol)." Boehringer-Ingelheim (2001):
  25. Braden GL, vonOeyen PT, Germain MJ, Watson DJ, Haag BL "Ritodrine- and terbutaline-induced hypokalemia in preterm labor: Mechanisms and consequences." Kidney Int 51 (1997): 1867-75
  26. Rakhmanina NY, Kearns GL, Farrar HC "Hypokalemia in an asthmatic child from abuse of albuterol metered dose inhaler." Pediatr Emerg Care 14 (1998): 145-7
  27. "Product Information. Tornalate (bitolterol)." Apothecon Inc (2022):
  28. "Product Information. Xopenex (levalbuterol)." Sepracor Inc (2001):
  29. Gawchik SM, Saccar CL, Noonan M, Reasner DS, DeGraw SS "The safety and efficacy of nebulized levalbuterol compared with racemic albuterol and placebo in the treatment of asthma in pediatric patients." J Allerg Clin Immunol 103 (1999): 615-21
  30. "Product Information. Striverdi Respimat (olodaterol)." Boehringer Ingelheim (2014):

• Seizures

  Moderate

  Adrenergic bronchodilators may cause CNS stimulation. Therapy with adrenergic bronchodilators should be administered cautiously in patients with seizure disorders. Systemic adverse effects are minimized, but not abolished, by administration of these agents via oral inhalation.

  12 sources

  1. Larsson S, Svedmyr N "Bronchodilating effect and side effects of beta2- adrenoceptor stimulants by different modes of administration (tablets, metered aerosol, and combinations thereof). A study with salbutamol inasthmatics." Am Rev Respir Dis 116 (1977): 861-9
  2. Price AH, Clissold SP "Salbutamol in the 1980s. A reappraisal of its clinical efficacy." Drugs 38 (1989): 77-122
  3. "Product Information. Proventil (albuterol)." Schering Corporation (2002):
  4. "Product Information. Ventolin (albuterol)." Glaxo Wellcome (2002):
  5. "Product Information. Brethaire (terbutaline)." Novartis Pharmaceuticals (2001):
  6. "Product Information. Serevent (salmeterol)." Glaxo Wellcome
  7. "Product Information. Maxair (pirbuterol)." 3M Pharmaceuticals (2001):
  8. "Product Information. Alupent (metaproterenol)." Boehringer-Ingelheim (2001):

  Show all 12 sourcesShow fewer sources

  9. "Product Information. Tornalate (bitolterol)." Apothecon Inc (2022):
  10. "Product Information. Xopenex (levalbuterol)." Sepracor Inc (2001):
  11. "Product Information. Foradil (formoterol)." Novartis Pharmaceuticals (2001):
  12. "Product Information. Striverdi Respimat (olodaterol)." Boehringer Ingelheim (2014):

Therapeutic duplication

Drug classes that overlap with Budesonide + Formoterol Fumarate, so taking both doubles up the same effect. This source publishes no per-row citations for duplication.

• cortisones

  The recommended maximum number of medicines in the 'cortisones' category to be taken concurrently is usually one.Your list includes two medicines belonging to the 'cortisones' category.

  Example product in the source data (US market): Wixela inhub

• cortisones

  The recommended maximum number of medicines in the 'cortisones' category to be taken concurrently is usually one.Your list includes two medicines belonging to the 'cortisones' category.

  Example product in the source data (US market): Formoterol/mometasone

• cortisones

  The recommended maximum number of medicines in the 'cortisones' category to be taken concurrently is usually one.Your list includes two medicines belonging to the 'cortisones' category.

  Example product in the source data (US market): Trelegy ellipta

• cortisones

  The recommended maximum number of medicines in the 'cortisones' category to be taken concurrently is usually one.Your list includes two medicines belonging to the 'cortisones' category.

  Example product in the source data (US market): Fluticasone/vilanterol

• inhaled smooth muscle relaxants

  The recommended maximum number of medicines in the 'inhaled smooth muscle relaxants' category to be taken concurrently is usually one.Your list includes two medicines belonging to the 'inhaled smooth muscle relaxants' category.

  Example product in the source data (US market): Olodaterol/tiotropium

• inhaled smooth muscle relaxants

  The recommended maximum number of medicines in the 'inhaled smooth muscle relaxants' category to be taken concurrently is usually one.Your list includes two medicines belonging to the 'inhaled smooth muscle relaxants' category.

  Example product in the source data (US market): Wixela inhub

• inhaled smooth muscle relaxants

  The recommended maximum number of medicines in the 'inhaled smooth muscle relaxants' category to be taken concurrently is usually one.Your list includes two medicines belonging to the 'inhaled smooth muscle relaxants' category.

  Example product in the source data (US market): Glycopyrrolate/indacaterol

• inhaled smooth muscle relaxants

  The recommended maximum number of medicines in the 'inhaled smooth muscle relaxants' category to be taken concurrently is usually one.Your list includes two medicines belonging to the 'inhaled smooth muscle relaxants' category.

  Example product in the source data (US market): Epinephrine/prilocaine

• inhaled smooth muscle relaxants

  The recommended maximum number of medicines in the 'inhaled smooth muscle relaxants' category to be taken concurrently is usually one.Your list includes two medicines belonging to the 'inhaled smooth muscle relaxants' category.

  Example product in the source data (US market): Trelegy ellipta

• inhaled smooth muscle relaxants

  The recommended maximum number of medicines in the 'inhaled smooth muscle relaxants' category to be taken concurrently is usually one.Your list includes two medicines belonging to the 'inhaled smooth muscle relaxants' category.

  Example product in the source data (US market): Orabloc

• inhaled smooth muscle relaxants

  The recommended maximum number of medicines in the 'inhaled smooth muscle relaxants' category to be taken concurrently is usually one.Your list includes two medicines belonging to the 'inhaled smooth muscle relaxants' category.

  Example product in the source data (US market): Fluticasone/vilanterol

• inhaled smooth muscle relaxants

  The recommended maximum number of medicines in the 'inhaled smooth muscle relaxants' category to be taken concurrently is usually one.Your list includes two medicines belonging to the 'inhaled smooth muscle relaxants' category.

  Example product in the source data (US market): Vivacaine

• inhaled smooth muscle relaxants

  The recommended maximum number of medicines in the 'inhaled smooth muscle relaxants' category to be taken concurrently is usually one.Your list includes two medicines belonging to the 'inhaled smooth muscle relaxants' category.

  Example product in the source data (US market): Albuterol/ipratropium

• inhaled smooth muscle relaxants

  The recommended maximum number of medicines in the 'inhaled smooth muscle relaxants' category to be taken concurrently is usually one.Your list includes two medicines belonging to the 'inhaled smooth muscle relaxants' category.

  Example product in the source data (US market): Anoro ellipta

• inhaled smooth muscle relaxants

  The recommended maximum number of medicines in the 'inhaled smooth muscle relaxants' category to be taken concurrently is usually one.Your list includes two medicines belonging to the 'inhaled smooth muscle relaxants' category.

  Example product in the source data (US market): Albuterol/budesonide

• inhaled smooth muscle relaxants

  The recommended maximum number of medicines in the 'inhaled smooth muscle relaxants' category to be taken concurrently is usually one.Your list includes two medicines belonging to the 'inhaled smooth muscle relaxants' category.

  Example product in the source data (US market): Epinephrine/lidocaine