Delafloxacin interactions

Conditions

Conditions in which Delafloxacin needs care, as documented in this source.

• Central Nervous System Diseases

  Major

  Quinolones may cause CNS stimulation manifested as tremors, agitation, restlessness, anxiety, confusion, hallucinations, paranoia, insomnia, toxic psychosis, and/or seizures. Benign intracranial hypertension has also been reported. Therapy with quinolones should be administered cautiously in patients with or predisposed to seizures or other CNS abnormalities. In addition, these patients should be advised to avoid the consumption of caffeine-containing products during therapy with some quinolones, most notably ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, and cinoxacin, since these agents can substantially reduce the clearance of caffeine and other methylxanthines, potentially resulting in severe CNS reactions.

  57 sources

  1. Ball P "Ciprofloxacin: an overview of adverse experiences." J Antimicrob Chemother 18 (1986): 187-93
  2. Arcieri G, Griffith E, Gruenwaldt G, et al. "A survey of clinical experience with ciprofloxacin, a new quinolone antimicrobial." J Clin Pharmacol 28 (1988): 179-89
  3. McCue JD, Zandt JR "Acute psychoses associated with the use of ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole." Am J Med 90 (1991): 528-9
  4. Arcieri G, August R, Becker N, et al. "Clinical experience with ciprofloxacin in the USA." Eur J Clin Microbiol 5 (1986): 220-5
  5. Altes J, Gasco J, De Antonio J, Villalonga C "Ciprofloxacin and delirium." Ann Intern Med 110 (1989): 170-1
  6. McDermott JL, Gideonse N, Campbell JW "Acute delirium associated with ciprofloxacin administration in a hospitalized elderly patient." J Am Geriatr Soc 39 (1991): 909-10
  7. Slavich IL, Gleffe Rf, Haas EJ "Grand mal epileptic seizures during ciprofloxacin therapy." JAMA 261 (1989): 558-9
  8. Moore B, Safani M, Keesey J "Possible exacerbation of myasthenia gravis by ciprofloxacin." Lancet Jan (1988): 882

  Show all 57 sourcesShow fewer sources

  9. Semel JD, Allen N "Seizures in patients simultaneously receiving theophylline and imipenem or ciprofloxacin or metronidazole." South Med J 84 (1991): 465-8
  10. Karki SD, Bentley DW, Raghavan M "Seizure with ciprofloxacin and theophylline combined therapy." DICP 24 (1990): 595-6
  11. Schwartz MT, Calvert JF "Potential neurologic toxicity related to ciprofloxacin." Ann Pharmacother 24 (1990): 138-40
  12. Anastasio GD, Menscer D, Little JM "Norfloxacin and seizures." Ann Intern Med 109 (1988): 169-70
  13. Todd PA, Faulds D "Ofloxacin: a reappraisal of its antimicrobial activity, pharmacology, and therapeutic use." Drugs 42 (1991): 825-76
  14. Unseld E, Ziegler G, Gemeinhardt A, Janssen U, Klotz U "Possible interaction of fluoroquinolones with benzodiazepine-GABA-receptorn complex." Br J Clin Pharmacol 30 (1990): 63-70
  15. Fennig S, Mauas L "Ofloxacin-induced delirium." J Clin Psychiatry 53 (1992): 137-8
  16. Tack KJ, Smith JA "The safety profile of ofloxacin." Am J Med 87 (1989): s78-81
  17. Jaber LA, Bailey EM, Rybak MJ "Enoxacin: a new fluoroquinolone." Clin Pharm 8 (1989): 97-107
  18. Wadworth AN, Goa KL "Lomefloxacin: a review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use." Drugs 42 (1991): 1018-60
  19. Bednarczyk EM, Green JA, Nelson D, et al. "Comparative assessment of the effect of lomefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and placebo on cerebral blood flow, and glucose and oxygen metabolism in healthy subjects by position emission tomography." Pharmacotherapy 12 (1992): 369-75
  20. Poc TE, Marion GS, Jackson DS "Seizures due to nalidixic acid therapy." South Med J 77 (1984): 539-40
  21. Burt RA "Review of adverse reactions associated with cinoxacin and other drugs used to treat urinary tract infections." Urology 23 (1984): 101-7
  22. Norrby SR "Side-effects of quinolones: comparisons between quinolones and other antibiotics." Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 10 (1991): 378-83
  23. Fraser AG, Harrower AD "Convulsions and hyperglycaemia asociated with nalidixic acid." Br Med J 2 (1977): 1518
  24. Kremer L, Walton M, Wardle EN "Nalidixic acid and intracranial hypertension." Br Med J 4 (1967): 488
  25. Leslie PJ, Cregeen RJ, Proudfoot AT "Lactic acidosis, hyperglycaemia and convulsions following nalidixic acid overdosage." Hum Toxicol 3 (1984): 239-43
  26. Cox CE, Simmons JR "Cinoxacin therapy for urinary tract infections: therapeutic safety and efficacy." South Med J 75 (1982): 549-50
  27. Sisca TS, Heel RC, Romankiewicz JA "Cinoxacin. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of urinary tract infections." Drugs 25 (1983): 544-69
  28. Stamey TA "Cinoxacin: an overview." Urology 17 (1981): 492-5
  29. "Product Information. Cipro (ciprofloxacin)." Bayer (2002):
  30. "Product Information. Penetrex (enoxacin)." Rhone Poulenc Rorer (2002):
  31. "Product Information. Maxaquin (lomefloxacin)." Searle (2002):
  32. "Product Information. Neggram (nalidixic acid)." Sanofi Winthrop Pharmaceuticals
  33. "Product Information. Noroxin (norfloxacin)." Merck & Co., Inc (2001):
  34. "Product Information. Floxin (ofloxacin)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical (2001):
  35. Just PM "Overview of the fluoroquinolone antibiotics." Pharmacotherapy 13 (1993): s4-17
  36. Akhtar S, Ahmad H "Ciprofloxacin-induced catatonia." J Clin Psychiatry 54 (1993): 115-6
  37. Isaacson SH, Carr J, Rowan AJ "Ciprofloxacin-induced complex partial status epilepticus manifesting as an acute confusional state." Neurology 43 (1993): 1619-21
  38. Getenet JC, Croisile B, Vighetto A, et al. "Idiopathic intracranial hypertension after ofloxacin treatment." Acta Neurol Scand 87 (1993): 503-4
  39. "Product Information. Cinobac (cinoxacin)." Oclassen Pharmaceuticals Inc (2001):
  40. Fanhavard P, Sanchorawala V, Oh J, Moser EM, Smith SP "Concurrent use of foscarnet and ciprofloxacin may increase the propensity for seizures." Ann Pharmacother 28 (1994): 869-72
  41. Rosolen A, Drigo P, Zanesco L "Acute hemiparesis associated with ciprofloxacin." BMJ 309 (1994): 1411
  42. Schacht P, Arcieri G, Hullmann R "Safety of oral ciprofloxacin. An update based on clinical trial results." Am J Med 87 (1989): s98-102
  43. Winrow AP, Supramaniam G "Benign intracranial hypertension after ciprofloxacin administration." Arch Dis Child 65 (1990): 1165-6
  44. Thomas RJ, Regan DR "Association of a tourette-like syndrome with ofloxacin." Ann Pharmacother 30 (1996): 138-41
  45. Traeger SM, Bonfiglio MF, Wilson JA, Martin BR, Nackes NA "Seizures associated with ofloxacin therapy." Clin Infect Dis 21 (1995): 1504-6
  46. "Product Information. Levaquin (levofloxacin)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical (2001):
  47. "Product Information. Zagam (sparfloxacin)." Rhone Poulenc Rorer (2001):
  48. Ernst ME, Ernst EJ, Klepser ME "Levofloxacin and trovafloxacin: the next generation of fluoroquinolones?" Am J Health Syst Pharm 54 (1997): 2569-84
  49. "Product Information. Trovan (trovafloxacin)." Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals (2001):
  50. Haria M, Lamb HM "Trovafloxacin." Drugs 54 (1997): 435-45;disc. 446
  51. Walton GD, Hon JK, Mulpur TG "Ofloxacin-induced seizure." Ann Pharmacother 31 (1997): 1475-7
  52. "Product Information. Avelox (moxifloxacin)." Bayer (2001):
  53. "Product Information. Tequin (gatifloxacin)." Bristol-Myers Squibb (2001):
  54. Melvani S, Speed BR "Alatrofloxacin-induced seizures during slow intravenous infusion." Ann Pharmacother 34 (2000): 1017-9
  55. "Product Information. Factive (gemifloxacin)." *GeneSoft Inc (2003):
  56. De Sarro A, De Sarro G "Adverse reactions to fluoroquinolones. An overview on mechanistic aspects." Curr Med Chem 8 (2001): 371-84
  57. "Product Information. Baxdela (delafloxacin)." Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (2017):

• Colitis

  Major

  Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD), formerly pseudomembranous colitis, has been reported with almost all antibacterial drugs and may range from mild diarrhea to fatal colitis. The most common culprits include clindamycin and lincomycin. Antibacterial therapy alters the normal flora of the colon, leading to overgrowth of C difficile, whose toxins A and B contribute to CDAD development. Morbidity and mortality are increased with hypertoxin-producing strains of C difficile; these infections can be resistant to antimicrobial therapy and may require colectomy. CDAD must be considered in all patients who present with diarrhea after antibacterial use. Since CDAD has been reported to occur more than 2 months after antibacterial use, careful medical history is necessary. Therapy with broad-spectrum antibacterials and other agents with significant antibacterial activity should be administered cautiously in patients with history of gastrointestinal disease, particularly colitis; pseudomembranous colitis (generally characterized by severe, persistent diarrhea and severe abdominal cramps, and sometimes associated with the passage of blood and mucus), if it occurs, may be more severe in these patients and may be associated with flares in underlying disease activity. Antibacterial drugs not directed against C difficile may need to be stopped if CDAD is suspected or confirmed. Appropriate fluid and electrolyte management, protein supplementation, antibacterial treatment of C difficile, and surgical evaluation should be started as clinically indicated.

  31 sources

  1. "Product Information. Omnipen (ampicillin)." Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories (2002):
  2. "Product Information. Ceftin (cefuroxime)." Glaxo Wellcome (2002):
  3. "Product Information. Zinacef (cefuroxime)." Glaxo Wellcome (2002):
  4. "Product Information. Cleocin (clindamycin)." Pharmacia and Upjohn (2002):
  5. "Product Information. Macrobid (nitrofurantoin)." Procter and Gamble Pharmaceuticals (2002):
  6. "Product Information. Macrodantin (nitrofurantoin)." Procter and Gamble Pharmaceuticals (2002):
  7. "Product Information. Amoxil (amoxicillin)." SmithKline Beecham (2001):
  8. "Product Information. Merrem (meropenem)." Astra-Zeneca Pharmaceuticals (2001):

  Show all 31 sourcesShow fewer sources

  9. "Product Information. Coly-Mycin M Parenteral (colistimethate)." Parke-Davis (2001):
  10. "Product Information. Lincocin (lincomycin)." Pharmacia and Upjohn (2001):
  11. "Product Information. Cubicin (daptomycin)." Cubist Pharmaceuticals Inc (2003):
  12. "Product Information. Xifaxan (rifaximin)." Salix Pharmaceuticals (2004):
  13. "Product Information. Doribax (doripenem)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical (2007):
  14. "Product Information. Penicillin G Procaine (procaine penicillin)." Monarch Pharmaceuticals Inc (2009):
  15. "Product Information. Vibativ (telavancin)." Theravance Inc (2009):
  16. "Product Information. Teflaro (ceftaroline)." Forest Pharmaceuticals (2010):
  17. "Product Information. Penicillin G Sodium (penicillin G sodium)." Sandoz Inc (2022):
  18. "Product Information. Dalvance (dalbavancin)." Durata Therapeutics, Inc. (2014):
  19. "Product Information. Orbactiv (oritavancin)." The Medicines Company (2014):
  20. "Product Information. Bicillin C-R (benzathine penicillin-procaine penicillin)." A-S Medication Solutions (2017):
  21. "Product Information. Baxdela (delafloxacin)." Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (2017):
  22. "Product Information. Polymyxin B Sulfate (polymyxin B sulfate)." AuroMedics Pharma LLC (2022):
  23. "Product Information. Zemdri (plazomicin)." Achaogen (2018):
  24. "Product Information. Seysara (sarecycline)." Allergan Inc (2018):
  25. "Product Information. Nuzyra (omadacycline)." Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (2018):
  26. "Product Information. Aemcolo (rifamycin)." Aries Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (2018):
  27. "Product Information. Fetroja (cefiderocol)." Shionogi USA Inc (2019):
  28. "Product Information. Biaxin (clarithromycin)." AbbVie US LLC (2019):
  29. "Product Information. Zithromax (azithromycin)." Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals Group (2021):
  30. "Product Information. E.E.S.-400 Filmtab (erythromycin)." Arbor Pharmaceuticals (2018):
  31. "Product Information. Priftin (rifapentine)." sanofi-aventis (2020):

• Kidney Diseases

  Major

  The use of delafloxacin is not recommended in patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). In patients with severe renal impairment or ESRD, accumulation of the intravenous vehicle, sulfobutylether-beta-cyclodextrin (SBECD) occurs. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients with mild or moderate renal impairment. The dose of delafloxacin intravenous IV infusion in patients with severe renal impairment should be decreased to 200 mg intravenously every 12 hours; the oral dose in patients with severe renal impairment is 450 mg orally every 12 hours. It is recommended to closely monitor serum creatinine in patients with severe renal impairment receiving intravenous delafloxacin and if serum creatinine level increases, consideration should be given to changing to the oral form of delafloxacin. If eGFR decreases to <15 mL/min/1.73 m2, the drug should be discontinued.

  1 source

  1. "Product Information. Baxdela (delafloxacin)." Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (2017):

• Myasthenia Gravis

  Major

  Fluoroquinolones have neuromuscular blocking activity and may exacerbate muscle weakness in persons with myasthenia gravis. Postmarketing serious adverse events, including deaths and requirement for ventilatory support, have been associated with fluoroquinolones use in persons with myasthenia gravis. Fluoroquinolones should be avoided in patients with history of myasthenia gravis.

  7 sources

  1. "Product Information. Cipro (ciprofloxacin)." Bayer (2002):
  2. "Product Information. Noroxin (norfloxacin)." Merck & Co., Inc (2001):
  3. "Product Information. Floxin (ofloxacin)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical (2001):
  4. "Product Information. Levaquin (levofloxacin)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical (2001):
  5. "Product Information. Raxar (grepafloxacin)." Glaxo Wellcome (2001):
  6. "Product Information. Factive (gemifloxacin)." *GeneSoft Inc (2003):
  7. "Product Information. Baxdela (delafloxacin)." Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (2017):

• Peripheral Nervous System Diseases

  Major

  The use of quinolones has been associated with an increased risk of peripheral neuropathy. Monitor closely and discontinue their use in patients experiencing symptoms of peripheral neuropathy. It is recommended to avoid these agents in patients who have previously experienced peripheral neuropathy.

  14 sources

  1. "Product Information. Cipro (ciprofloxacin)." Bayer (2002):
  2. "Product Information. Penetrex (enoxacin)." Rhone Poulenc Rorer (2002):
  3. "Product Information. Maxaquin (lomefloxacin)." Searle (2002):
  4. "Product Information. Neggram (nalidixic acid)." Sanofi Winthrop Pharmaceuticals
  5. "Product Information. Noroxin (norfloxacin)." Merck & Co., Inc (2001):
  6. "Product Information. Floxin (ofloxacin)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical (2001):
  7. "Product Information. Cinobac (cinoxacin)." Oclassen Pharmaceuticals Inc (2001):
  8. "Product Information. Levaquin (levofloxacin)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical (2001):

  Show all 14 sourcesShow fewer sources

  9. "Product Information. Zagam (sparfloxacin)." Rhone Poulenc Rorer (2001):
  10. "Product Information. Trovan (trovafloxacin)." Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals (2001):
  11. "Product Information. Avelox (moxifloxacin)." Bayer (2001):
  12. "Product Information. Tequin (gatifloxacin)." Bristol-Myers Squibb (2001):
  13. "Product Information. Factive (gemifloxacin)." *GeneSoft Inc (2003):
  14. "Product Information. Baxdela (delafloxacin)." Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (2017):

• Tendinopathy

  Major

  Tendonitis and ruptures of the shoulder, hand, and Achilles tendons have been reported in patients receiving quinolones, both during and after treatment. Avoid the use of these agents in patients who have a history of tendon disorders or have experienced tendinitis or tendon rupture. Therapy with quinolones should be administered cautiously in patients with patients with kidney, heart, and lung transplant, since it may delay the recognition or confound the diagnosis of a quinolone-induced musculoskeletal effect. Factors that may independently increase the risk of tendon rupture include strenuous physical activity, renal failure, and previous tendon disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. It is recommended to discontinue these agents if, at any time during therapy, pain, inflammation or rupture of a tendon develops and institute appropriate treatment.

  19 sources

  1. "Product Information. Cipro (ciprofloxacin)." Bayer (2002):
  2. "Product Information. Penetrex (enoxacin)." Rhone Poulenc Rorer (2002):
  3. "Product Information. Maxaquin (lomefloxacin)." Searle (2002):
  4. "Product Information. Neggram (nalidixic acid)." Sanofi Winthrop Pharmaceuticals
  5. "Product Information. Noroxin (norfloxacin)." Merck & Co., Inc (2001):
  6. "Product Information. Floxin (ofloxacin)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical (2001):
  7. "Product Information. Cinobac (cinoxacin)." Oclassen Pharmaceuticals Inc (2001):
  8. Donck JB, Segaert MF, Vanrenterghem YF "Fluoroquinolones and achilles tendinopathy in renal transplant recipients." Transplantation 58 (1994): 736-7

  Show all 19 sourcesShow fewer sources

  9. Schacht P, Arcieri G, Hullmann R "Safety of oral ciprofloxacin. An update based on clinical trial results." Am J Med 87 (1989): s98-102
  10. Zabraniecki L, Negrier I, Vergne P, Arnaud M, Bonnet C, Bertin P, Treves R "Fluoroquinolone induced tendinopathy: report of 6 cases." J Rheumatol 23 (1996): 516-20
  11. "Product Information. Levaquin (levofloxacin)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical (2001):
  12. Carrasco JM, Garcia B, Andujar C, Garrote F, de Juana P, Bermejo T "Tendinitis associated with ciprofloxacin." Ann Pharmacother 31 (1997): 120
  13. "Product Information. Zagam (sparfloxacin)." Rhone Poulenc Rorer (2001):
  14. "Product Information. Trovan (trovafloxacin)." Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals (2001):
  15. "Product Information. Avelox (moxifloxacin)." Bayer (2001):
  16. "Product Information. Tequin (gatifloxacin)." Bristol-Myers Squibb (2001):
  17. Casparian JM, Luchi M, Moffat RE, Hinthorn D "Quinolones and tendon ruptures." South Med J 93 (2000): 392-6
  18. "Product Information. Factive (gemifloxacin)." *GeneSoft Inc (2003):
  19. "Product Information. Baxdela (delafloxacin)." Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (2017):

• Aortic Aneurysm

  Moderate

  The use of certain fluoroquinolones may increase the risk of aortic aneurysm and dissection. It is recommended to reserve the use of delafloxacin only when there are no alternative antibacterial treatments available in patients with a known aortic aneurysm or patients who are at higher risk for aortic aneurysms.

  1 source

  1. "Product Information. Baxdela (delafloxacin)." Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (2017):

• Crystalluria

  Moderate

  Crystalluria has been reported rarely during quinolone therapy. Although it is not expected to occur under normal circumstances with usual recommended dosages, patients who are dehydrated (e.g., due to severe diarrhea or vomiting) may be at increased risk and should be encouraged to consume additional amounts of liquid or given intravenous fluid to ensure an adequate urinary output. Alkalinity of the urine should be avoided, since it may also increase the risk of crystalluria. Renal function tests should be performed periodically during prolonged therapy (> 2 weeks).

  16 sources

  1. Thorsteinsson SB, Bergan T, Oddsdottir S, Rohwedder R, Holm R "Crystalluria and ciprofloxacin, influence of urinary pH and hydration." Chemotherapy 32 (1986): 408-17
  2. Ball P "Ciprofloxacin: an overview of adverse experiences." J Antimicrob Chemother 18 (1986): 187-93
  3. "Product Information. Cipro (ciprofloxacin)." Bayer (2002):
  4. "Product Information. Penetrex (enoxacin)." Rhone Poulenc Rorer (2002):
  5. "Product Information. Maxaquin (lomefloxacin)." Searle (2002):
  6. "Product Information. Neggram (nalidixic acid)." Sanofi Winthrop Pharmaceuticals
  7. "Product Information. Noroxin (norfloxacin)." Merck & Co., Inc (2001):
  8. "Product Information. Floxin (ofloxacin)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical (2001):

  Show all 16 sourcesShow fewer sources

  9. "Product Information. Cinobac (cinoxacin)." Oclassen Pharmaceuticals Inc (2001):
  10. "Product Information. Levaquin (levofloxacin)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical (2001):
  11. "Product Information. Zagam (sparfloxacin)." Rhone Poulenc Rorer (2001):
  12. "Product Information. Trovan (trovafloxacin)." Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals (2001):
  13. "Product Information. Avelox (moxifloxacin)." Bayer (2001):
  14. "Product Information. Tequin (gatifloxacin)." Bristol-Myers Squibb (2001):
  15. "Product Information. Factive (gemifloxacin)." *GeneSoft Inc (2003):
  16. Stratta P, Lazzarich E, Canavese C, Bozzola C, Monga G "Ciprofloxacin crystal nephropathy." Am J Kidney Dis 50 (2007): 330-5

• Diabetes Mellitus

  Moderate

  The use of certain quinolones has been associated with disturbances in blood glucose homeostasis possibly stemming from effects on pancreatic beta cell ATP-sensitive potassium channels that regulate insulin secretion. Hypoglycemia and, less frequently, hyperglycemia have been reported, although the latter may also occur due to infection alone. Hypoglycemia has usually occurred in patients with diabetes receiving concomitant oral hypoglycemic agents and/or insulin. Administration of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, and especially gatifloxacin in patients treated with sulfonylureas or other oral hypoglycemic agents has resulted in severe, refractory hypoglycemia and hypoglycemic coma. Elderly patients and patients with reduced renal function are particularly susceptible. Blood glucose should be monitored more closely whenever quinolones are prescribed to patients with diabetes. Gatifloxacin has been known to cause hypoglycemic episodes generally within the first 3 days of therapy and sometimes even after the first dose, while hyperglycemia usually occurs 4 to 10 days after initiation of therapy. Patients should be counseled to recognize symptoms of hypoglycemia such as headache, dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, tremor, weakness, hunger, excessive perspiration, and palpitations. If hypo- or hyperglycemia occur during quinolone therapy, patients should initiate appropriate remedial therapy immediately, discontinue the antibiotic, and contact their physician.

  27 sources

  1. "Product Information. Cipro (ciprofloxacin)." Bayer (2002):
  2. "Product Information. Noroxin (norfloxacin)." Merck & Co., Inc (2001):
  3. "Product Information. Floxin (ofloxacin)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical (2001):
  4. "Product Information. Levaquin (levofloxacin)." Ortho McNeil Pharmaceutical (2001):
  5. "Product Information. Raxar (grepafloxacin)." Glaxo Wellcome (2001):
  6. "Product Information. Trovan (trovafloxacin)." Pfizer U.S. Pharmaceuticals (2001):
  7. Gajjar DA, LaCreta FP, Kollia GD, et al. "Effect of multiple-dose gatifloxacin or ciprofloxacin on glucose homeostasis and insulin production in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus maintained with diet and exercise." Pharmacotherapy 20 (6 Pt 2) (2000): s76-86
  8. Roberge RJ, Kaplan R, Frank R, Fore C "Glyburide-ciprofloxacin interaction with resistant hypoglycemia." Ann Emerg Med 36 (2000): 160-3

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  9. Rubinstein E "History of quinolones and their side effects." Chemotherapy 47 Suppl 3 (2001): 3-8
  10. Menzies DJ, Dorsainvil PA, Cunha BA, Johnson DH "Severe and persistent hypoglycemia due to gatifloxacin interaction with oral hypoglycemic agents." Am J Med 113 (2002): 232-4
  11. Baker SE, Hangii MC "Possible gatifloxacin-induced hypoglycemia." Ann Pharmacother 36 (2002): 1722-6
  12. "Product Information. Factive (gemifloxacin)." *GeneSoft Inc (2003):
  13. "Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia with fluoroquinolones." Med Lett Drugs Ther 45 (2003): 64
  14. Donaldson AR, Vandiver JR, Finch CK "Possible gatifloxacin-induced hyperglycemia." Ann Pharmacother 38 (2004): 602-5
  15. LeBlanc M, Belanger C, Cossette P "Severe and resistant hypoglycemia associated with concomitant gatifloxacin and glyburide therapy." Pharmacotherapy 24 (2004): 926-31
  16. Biggs WS "Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia associated with gatifloxacin use in elderly patients." J Am Board Fam Pract 16 (2004): 455-7
  17. Gavin JR 3rd, Kubin R, Choudhri S, et al. "Moxifloxacin and glucose homeostasis: a pooled-analysis of the evidence from clinical and postmarketing studies." Drug Saf 27 (2004): 671-86
  18. Saraya A, Yokokura M, Gonoi T, Seino S "Effects of fluoroquinolones on insulin secretion and beta-cell ATP-sensitive K(+) channels." Eur J Pharmacol 497 (2004): 111-7
  19. Lin G, Hays DP, Spillane L "Refractory hypoglycemia from ciprofloxacin and glyburide interaction." J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 42 (2004): 295-7
  20. Friedrich LV, Dougherty R "Fatal hypoglycemia associated with levofloxacin." Pharmacotherapy 24 (2004): 1807-12
  21. Bhasin R, Arce FC, Pasmantier R "Hypoglycemia associated with the use of gatifloxacin." Am J Med Sci 330 (2005): 250-3
  22. McMorran M, Morrison H, Letourneau G "Gatifloxacin (Tequin): hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/medeff/bulletin/carn-bcei_v13n3_e.html#1" (2006):
  23. Park-Wyllie LY, Juurlink DN, Kopp A, et al. "Outpatient gatifloxacin therapy and dysglycemia in older adults." N Engl J Med 354 (2006): 1352-61
  24. Wang S, Rizvi AA "Levofloxacin-induced hypoglycemia in a nondiabetic patient." Am J Med Sci 331 (2006): 334-5
  25. Kanbay M, Aydogan T, Bozalan R, et al. "A rare but serious side effect of levofloxacin: hypoglycemia in a geriatric patient." Diabetes Care 29 (2006): 1716-7
  26. Kelesidis T, Canseco E "Quinolone-induced hypoglycemia: a life-threatening but potentially reversible side effect." Am J Med 123 (2010): e5-6
  27. "Product Information. Baxdela (delafloxacin)." Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (2017):