Sodium Alginate + Potassium Bicarbonate interactions

Conditions

Conditions in which Sodium Alginate + Potassium Bicarbonate needs care, as documented in this source.

• Dehydration

  Major

  Administration of potassium salts in severe dehydration may predispose to renal impairment. Therapy with potassium salts should be administered cautiously in patients with acute dehydration (e.g., due to severe or prolonged diarrhea or heat stress). Close monitoring of serum potassium concentrations is recommended, as potentially fatal hyperkalemia can develop rapidly and is often asymptomatic, manifested only by an increased potassium level (6.5 to 8 mEq/L) and characteristic electrocardiographic changes (peaking of T waves, loss of P waves, depression of ST segment, prolongation of the QT interval). Late manifestations include muscle paralysis and cardiovascular collapse from cardiac arrest (9 to 12 mEq/L). Continuous or serial electrocardiography may be appropriate in some patients during replacement therapy, particularly if given intravenously.

  4 sources

  1. "Product Information. K-Dur (potassium chloride)." Schering Corporation (2001):
  2. "Product Information. Potassium Acetate (potassium acetate)." Abbott Pharmaceutical (2002):
  3. "Product Information. K-Lyte (potassium bicarbonate-potassium citrate)." Bristol-Myers Squibb (2002):
  4. "Product Information. Kaon (potassium gluconate)." Savage Laboratories (2002):

• Hyperkalemia

  Major

  The use of potassium salts is contraindicated in patients with hyperkalemia, since a further increase in serum potassium concentration in such patients can lead to cardiac arrhythmias or arrest. Potassium therapy should be administered cautiously in patients with conditions predisposing to hyperkalemia, such as chronic renal failure, systemic acidosis, acute dehydration, hypoaldosteronism (e.g., due to primary adrenal insufficiency or congenital adrenal enzyme deficiency), uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, and extensive tissue breakdown (e.g., due to severe burns, intravascular hemolysis, tumor lysis syndrome, or rhabdomyolysis). Close monitoring of serum potassium concentrations is recommended, as potentially fatal hyperkalemia can develop rapidly and is often asymptomatic, manifested only by an increased potassium level (6.5 to 8 mEq/L) and characteristic electrocardiographic changes (peaking of T waves, loss of P waves, depression of ST segment, prolongation of the QT interval). Late manifestations include muscle paralysis and cardiovascular collapse from cardiac arrest (9 to 12 mEq/L). Continuous or serial electrocardiography may be appropriate in some patients during replacement therapy, particularly if given intravenously.

  20 sources

  1. Kopman EA, Ramirez-Inawat RC "Persistent electromechanical cardiac arrest following administration of cardioplegic and glucose-insulin-potassium solutions." Anesth Analg 59 (1980): 69-71
  2. Chakko SC, Frutchey J, Gheorghiade M "Life-threatening hyperkalemia in severe heart failure." Am Heart J 117 (1989): 1083-91
  3. Lankton JW, Siler JN, Neigh JL "Letter: Hyperkalemia after administration of potassium from nonrigid parenteral-fluid containers." Anesthesiology 39 (1973): 660-1
  4. Illingworth RN, Proudfoot AT "Rapid poisoning with slow-release potassium." Br Med J 281 (1980): 485-6
  5. Wetli CV, Davis JH "Fatal hyperkalemia from accidental overdose of potassium chloride." JAMA 240 (1978): 1339
  6. Kallen RJ, Rieger CH, Cohen HS, Sutter MA, Ong RT "Near-fatal hyperkalemia due to ingestion of salt substitute by an infant." JAMA 235 (1976): 2125-6
  7. Saxena K "Death from potassium chloride overdose." Postgrad Med 84 (1988): 97-8,101-2
  8. Lawson DH "Adverse reactions to potassium chloride." Q J Med 43 (1974): 433-40

  Show all 20 sourcesShow fewer sources

  9. Lawson DH "Clinical use of potassium supplements." Am J Hosp Pharm 32 (1975): 708-11
  10. Perez GO, Oster JR, Pelleya R, Caralis PV, Kem DC "Hyperkalemia from single small oral doses of potassium chloride." Nephron 36 (1984): 270-1
  11. Cox J, Starbuck M "Hyperkalemic cardiac arrest during an infusion of potassium chloride following an overdose of propranolol." Resuscitation 14 (1986): 255-6
  12. Ceuppens H, Hitchcock JF, Damen J, Jambroes G, Ae Dion R "Severe hypotension due to potassium-induced pericardial injury." Thorax 37 (1982): 546-7
  13. "Product Information. K-Dur (potassium chloride)." Schering Corporation (2001):
  14. Schrier RW, Regal EM "Influence of aldosterone on sodium, water and potassium metabolism in chronic renal disease." Kidney Int 1 (1972): 156-68
  15. "Product Information. Urocit-K (potassium citrate)." Mission Pharmacal Company
  16. "Product Information. K-Phos Neutral (potassium phosphate)." Beach Pharmaceuticals (2001):
  17. Braunwald E, Hauser SL, Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Isselbacher KJ, Longo DL, Martin JB, eds., Wilson JD "Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine." New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Health Professionals Division (1998):
  18. "Product Information. Potassium Acetate (potassium acetate)." Abbott Pharmaceutical (2002):
  19. "Product Information. K-Lyte (potassium bicarbonate-potassium citrate)." Bristol-Myers Squibb (2002):
  20. "Product Information. Kaon (potassium gluconate)." Savage Laboratories (2002):

• Kidney Diseases

  Major

  The use of potassium salts is contraindicated in patients with severe renal impairment characterized by oliguria, anuria, or azotemia. Since potassium is excreted by the kidney, the administration of potassium salts in such patients, particularly by the intravenous route, may produce hyperkalemia and cardiac arrhythmias or arrest. Therapy with potassium salts should be administered cautiously in patients with diminished renal function or other conditions which impairs potassium excretion (e.g. adrenal insufficiency). Close monitoring of serum potassium concentrations is recommended, as potentially fatal hyperkalemia can develop rapidly and is often asymptomatic, manifested only by an increased potassium level (6.5 to 8 mEq/L) and characteristic electrocardiographic changes (peaking of T waves, loss of P waves, depression of ST segment, prolongation of the QT interval). Late manifestations include muscle paralysis and cardiovascular collapse from cardiac arrest (9 to 12 mEq/L). Continuous or serial electrocardiography may be appropriate in some patients during replacement therapy, particularly if given intravenously.

  5 sources

  1. "Product Information. K-Dur (potassium chloride)." Schering Corporation (2001):
  2. "Product Information. Urocit-K (potassium citrate)." Mission Pharmacal Company
  3. "Product Information. Potassium Acetate (potassium acetate)." Abbott Pharmaceutical (2002):
  4. "Product Information. K-Lyte (potassium bicarbonate-potassium citrate)." Bristol-Myers Squibb (2002):
  5. "Product Information. Kaon (potassium gluconate)." Savage Laboratories (2002):

• Paralyses, Familial Periodic

  Major

  Administration of potassium salts may precipitate attacks in familial hyperkalemic periodic paralysis or paramyotonia congenita. Therapy with potassium preparations should be administered cautiously in patients with these conditions.

  1 source

  1. Braunwald E, Hauser SL, Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Isselbacher KJ, Longo DL, Martin JB, eds., Wilson JD "Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine." New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Health Professionals Division (1998):

• Acid-Base Imbalance

  Moderate

  Alkalinizing agents act as proton acceptors and/or dissociate to provide bicarbonate ions. Elimination of bicarbonate is decreased in patients with renal impairment and can result in metabolic alkalosis. Symptoms of metabolic alkalosis include hyperirritability or tetany, arrhythmia, and/or seizures (altered pH = altered calcium), or lactic acidosis due to impaired oxygen release. Therapy with alkalinizing agents should be administered with extreme caution in patients with compromised renal function. Clinical monitoring of renal function, acid/base balance and electrolytes is recommended.

  3 sources

  1. "Product Information. Urocit-K (potassium citrate)." Mission Pharmacal Company
  2. "Product Information. Tham (tromethamine)." Abbott Pharmaceutical (2001):
  3. "Product Information. Sodium Lactate (sodium lactate)." Abbott Pharmaceutical (2001):

• Alkalosis

  Moderate

  Hypokalemia in patients with metabolic or respiratory alkalosis should generally be treated with potassium chloride rather than an alkalinizing potassium salt (i.e. acetate, bicarbonate, citrate, or gluconate), since alkali therapy may exacerbate the condition. In addition, hypochloremia may accompany alkalosis, which is best treated with potassium chloride. Close monitoring of acid-base balance, serum electrolytes, electrocardiogram, and clinical status is recommended.

  4 sources

  1. Walker WG, Jost LJ "Relative roles of patassium and chloride in correction of hypokalemic hypochloremic alkalosis." Johns Hopkins Med J 120 (1967): 148-54
  2. "Product Information. Potassium Acetate (potassium acetate)." Abbott Pharmaceutical (2002):
  3. "Product Information. K-Lyte (potassium bicarbonate-potassium citrate)." Bristol-Myers Squibb (2002):
  4. "Product Information. Kaon (potassium gluconate)." Savage Laboratories (2002):